1. Explain Classical Conditioning using a scenario that YOU have created. DO NOT use one the book lists. Try to explain this type of conditioning using something that is relevant to you life: school, home, or work could all be areas you can pull from.
Children are playing in the back yard and they hear a bell. The children run inside excited because they have learned that after hearing the bell, dinner will be ready inside to eat.
The unconditioned stimulus was when the sun went down and it began to get dark, the children had the unconditioned response to run inside for dinner. The mother started to ring a bell when dinner was ready rather than wait until it was dark out. The children had the conditioned stimulus of the bell ringing to set off the conditioned response of the children to run inside for dinner to be ready. Instead of responding the time of day, the children now respond to the sound of the bell.
2. Explain Operant Conditioning using a scenario that YOU have created. DO NOT use one the book lists. Try to explain this type of conditioning using something that is relevant to your life: school, home, or work could all be areas you can pull from.
At home, every time I do the dishes without being asked I get rewarded and praised by my parents. On the other hand, every time I just walk away after dinner my parents yell at me.
Operant conditioning is the likelihood that one is to repeat acts that are rewarded and stop acts that have been followed by punishment. I am more likely to do the dishes because I know my parents will praise me, which I like. I am hesitant to just walk away after dinner and not help because I know my parents will yell at me, which I do not like.
3. Compare Classical and Operant Conditioning. How are they the same? How are they different?
Classical and operant conditioning are similar because they are both a type of conditioning in which they help shape one’s behavior. They are also similar in the way they are both sufficient ways to change one’s behavior. They are different classical conditioning is the idea that pairs two stimuli. The natural stimuli draws out a response and the other stimuli is paired with the natural stimuli to bring forth the same response. Operant conditioning is based on the idea that one can reinforce behaviors to have them favored over others.
Classical and operant conditioning are similar because they are both a type of conditioning in which they help shape one’s behavior. They are also similar in the way they are both sufficient ways to change one’s behavior. They are different classical conditioning is the idea that pairs two stimuli. The natural stimuli draws out a response and the other stimuli is paired with the natural stimuli to bring forth the same response. Operant conditioning is based on the idea that one can reinforce behaviors to have them favored over others.
4. Do you think either plays a role in how you respond to teachers and your academic role here at Wilson? Explain.
Yes, I believe that both Classical Conditioning and Operant Conditioning play a role in how I respond to teachers and my academic role here at Wilson. When a teacher stands in the front of the class, the teacher expects the class to be quiet. When school started we did not know this, but through classical conditioning we learned to get quiet and not to speak when the teacher is speaking. Operant conditioning is a type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher. At Wilson, if one figures out how to do a difficult problem the correct way, the teacher will reinforce that and that will show us how do other problems just like that one. If we make a mistake or do it incorrectly, a teacher will show us that is not how it is done and tell us we’re wrong so we do not do the problem that same way again.
5. How can understanding classical and operant conditioning help us to understand the way we learn?
Many teachers require students to solve problems or write essays in the format that the teacher wants. If one does not write the essay in the correct format that the teacher requires, that “behavior will be diminished by the punisher” by one getting points deducted from their essay. Also, if one turns a project in late, they will get points deducted which will show students that that behavior is unacceptable. We are conditioned to do our projects fully and on time through classical conditioning by being punished if it was not handed in on time.
6. In your normal day here at school, explain a time where you have seen the use of positive reinforcement and on of negative reinforcement. For each one, analyze he impact that it has on you or the class you were in.
positive reinforcement- An example of positive reinforcement that i have seen throughout my school day would be a teacher giving out extra credit to student who went above and beyond the requirements of a project. The whole class was impacted because the student who did not receive extra credit wanted to strive to receive it on the next project.
negative reinforcement- An example of negative reinforcement that i have seen in school would be a teacher telling his student that if they all behaved and worked quietly in class, he would take away the homework for that night. The class was greatly impacted because every person work diligently and quietly in order to not have homework.
7. How do punishments impact your learning here in school? Consider what you know about punishment systems from the learning chapter to help guide your response.
Here at school, punishment play a big role in my behaviors and actions. Knowing that punishments can be easily giving out for rude or inappropriate behavior, students must think twice before doing certain things. Although punishments can teach lessons, they are looked down upon in society. Therefore if a student were to receive a punishment, they too would be looked down upon and viewed differently.
8. We talked about the impact of grades during Unit 2. Do you think they fall into this unit at all? Why or why not?
The impact of grades definitely falls into this unit; grades are a big reinforcer for students. It is a form of positive reinforcement because the teacher is giving the student a grade to help back up the student’s progress in that class. Also, a child may work really hard on their psychology project because they know if they do they will be rewarded with an A; this is a form of extrinsic motivation. Also, if a student is only doing mediocre in a class, and they see that a classmate is getting good grades and very happy, they might want to model that person and try harder so they too can feel happy and accomplished.
9. Your textbook has a very positive bias when explaining the implications of Skinner’s research on operant conditioning. Do you agree or disagree with this bias? Explain by providing at least two examples that illustrate your point.
I agree with this bias, Skinner was a very controversial researcher, but he did not let critics get in his way of becoming one of the most influential people in modern behaviorism. Through his experiments with animals, like pigeons and rats, he showed the good and bad effects of using punishment as a way to learning, and also the effects biology can have on behavior. His ideas about using textbook and technology to help better teach people is being used today all around the world. Teachers, parents, and business owners use positive reinforcement and individualize things all the time to help betting teach people. If it were not for Skinner we might only be finding out today all of these ideas of ways to help better teach people.
10. Let’s not forget learning by observation: Think of something that you do that might be influenced by what you have observed and explain it and how it applies to both the psychological aspect of our study and also the biological.
I am a perfectionist and a little bit obsessive compulsive; I obsess over little things and like everything to always be in order. This is a trait that my mother has too; since I too display this trait it can be related to both psychology and biology. I have grown up watching my mom and the things she does, and over time began to model many of her traits. If she were a slob and had little attention to detail chances are that I would not be so obsessive. This can also be biological because this is a trait that runs in my family. My aunts also pay attention to detail, one cuts hair and is always precise, another one of my aunts always makes an itinerary when we all go to Disney World so we know what rides we will go to each day and at what time. This shows that even if my parent did not display the trait I would still have it in my genes, and though it might not have been as prominent, I still would be a perfectionist.
5. How can understanding classical and operant conditioning help us to understand the way we learn?
Many teachers require students to solve problems or write essays in the format that the teacher wants. If one does not write the essay in the correct format that the teacher requires, that “behavior will be diminished by the punisher” by one getting points deducted from their essay. Also, if one turns a project in late, they will get points deducted which will show students that that behavior is unacceptable. We are conditioned to do our projects fully and on time through classical conditioning by being punished if it was not handed in on time.
6. In your normal day here at school, explain a time where you have seen the use of positive reinforcement and on of negative reinforcement. For each one, analyze he impact that it has on you or the class you were in.
positive reinforcement- An example of positive reinforcement that i have seen throughout my school day would be a teacher giving out extra credit to student who went above and beyond the requirements of a project. The whole class was impacted because the student who did not receive extra credit wanted to strive to receive it on the next project.
negative reinforcement- An example of negative reinforcement that i have seen in school would be a teacher telling his student that if they all behaved and worked quietly in class, he would take away the homework for that night. The class was greatly impacted because every person work diligently and quietly in order to not have homework.
7. How do punishments impact your learning here in school? Consider what you know about punishment systems from the learning chapter to help guide your response.
Here at school, punishment play a big role in my behaviors and actions. Knowing that punishments can be easily giving out for rude or inappropriate behavior, students must think twice before doing certain things. Although punishments can teach lessons, they are looked down upon in society. Therefore if a student were to receive a punishment, they too would be looked down upon and viewed differently.
8. We talked about the impact of grades during Unit 2. Do you think they fall into this unit at all? Why or why not?
The impact of grades definitely falls into this unit; grades are a big reinforcer for students. It is a form of positive reinforcement because the teacher is giving the student a grade to help back up the student’s progress in that class. Also, a child may work really hard on their psychology project because they know if they do they will be rewarded with an A; this is a form of extrinsic motivation. Also, if a student is only doing mediocre in a class, and they see that a classmate is getting good grades and very happy, they might want to model that person and try harder so they too can feel happy and accomplished.
9. Your textbook has a very positive bias when explaining the implications of Skinner’s research on operant conditioning. Do you agree or disagree with this bias? Explain by providing at least two examples that illustrate your point.
I agree with this bias, Skinner was a very controversial researcher, but he did not let critics get in his way of becoming one of the most influential people in modern behaviorism. Through his experiments with animals, like pigeons and rats, he showed the good and bad effects of using punishment as a way to learning, and also the effects biology can have on behavior. His ideas about using textbook and technology to help better teach people is being used today all around the world. Teachers, parents, and business owners use positive reinforcement and individualize things all the time to help betting teach people. If it were not for Skinner we might only be finding out today all of these ideas of ways to help better teach people.
10. Let’s not forget learning by observation: Think of something that you do that might be influenced by what you have observed and explain it and how it applies to both the psychological aspect of our study and also the biological.
I am a perfectionist and a little bit obsessive compulsive; I obsess over little things and like everything to always be in order. This is a trait that my mother has too; since I too display this trait it can be related to both psychology and biology. I have grown up watching my mom and the things she does, and over time began to model many of her traits. If she were a slob and had little attention to detail chances are that I would not be so obsessive. This can also be biological because this is a trait that runs in my family. My aunts also pay attention to detail, one cuts hair and is always precise, another one of my aunts always makes an itinerary when we all go to Disney World so we know what rides we will go to each day and at what time. This shows that even if my parent did not display the trait I would still have it in my genes, and though it might not have been as prominent, I still would be a perfectionist.
A. Consider the first two units that we discussed this year: the history of psychology and applying science to Psychology, how do they fit into our midterm project? Provide at least three examples to illustrate your point.
For phase one and two in our midterm project we are learning information about learning. Then, in phase three we are applying our knowledge that we learned previously. This is similar to the first two units we discussed this year because we are taking a base knowledge and applying it somehow. Our first two units also fit into our midterm project because neuroscience and the rest of the units in the midterm help add credibility to psychology as a science. Also, in our second unit we studied, we learned about the scientific method. This method is being used in our process to find the best teaching strategy in order to fit the different types of learners.
For phase one and two in our midterm project we are learning information about learning. Then, in phase three we are applying our knowledge that we learned previously. This is similar to the first two units we discussed this year because we are taking a base knowledge and applying it somehow. Our first two units also fit into our midterm project because neuroscience and the rest of the units in the midterm help add credibility to psychology as a science. Also, in our second unit we studied, we learned about the scientific method. This method is being used in our process to find the best teaching strategy in order to fit the different types of learners.
B. How can you see what you know about the history of psychology and the science behind psychology to create your learning strategy?
According to the way our brain encodes information our learning strategy should include visual encoding, acoustic encoding, and semantic encoding. This can be done using pictures, sound, and looking at the meaning of words. Also we need to incorporate repetition and rehearsal everyday because Ebbinghaus’ retention curve shows that the amount we remember is related to how much time is spent rehearsing.
C. You know some of the ways we learn- but what types of learners are there in our classroom? What ideas do you have for incorporating all those learners into your learning strategy?
C. You know some of the ways we learn- but what types of learners are there in our classroom? What ideas do you have for incorporating all those learners into your learning strategy?
There are three different types of learners; they are seeing learners, listening learners, and experience learners. If presenting a certain topic we could have a lecture on it which would benefit listening learners, notes and a powerpoint would help seeing learners and by creating certain activities to go along with the topic would help experience learners. In order to go over one top three separate days might have to go into teaching the topic because there are many different ways in which we can learn. Also, by taking time on a topic and using all three learning strategies, even if one is not an experience learner, the activity would help them learn the topic.
D. How can we utilize psychology to help create learning strategies for all our learners?
By discovering the many types of learners and how each person learns differently, we can clearly see that not everyone can understand something the same way. Considering that some students learn through speaking, some learn through observation or listening and some students learn through actually going about doing or performing something, teachers can and should provided different options of learning proving knowledge of certain material.
D. How can we utilize psychology to help create learning strategies for all our learners?
By discovering the many types of learners and how each person learns differently, we can clearly see that not everyone can understand something the same way. Considering that some students learn through speaking, some learn through observation or listening and some students learn through actually going about doing or performing something, teachers can and should provided different options of learning proving knowledge of certain material.
E. How does biology play a role in how we develop learning strategies for learners?
Biology needs to be considered because is a person is being taught in a way that does not seem natural to them their mind may have trouble adjusting to the new way. When developing a strategy it needs to be considered how the people being taught learn the best. If they are visual learners then the strategy should involve more visual stuff to make sure that the students can take away as much information as possible.
Biology needs to be considered because is a person is being taught in a way that does not seem natural to them their mind may have trouble adjusting to the new way. When developing a strategy it needs to be considered how the people being taught learn the best. If they are visual learners then the strategy should involve more visual stuff to make sure that the students can take away as much information as possible.
** 1-3, A - Sarah
** 4-5, B-C - Kelly
** 6-7, D - Briana
** 8-10, E - Danielle
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