22) Grammar: This is the third thing needed to form a new language. It is the rules that must be followed so that all the people using that language can communicate easily; it is made up of both semantics and syntax rules. A good example is if you try to have a conversation with a person who does not use grammar correctly it can be very hard to understand them.
23) Semantics: This part of grammar focuses on the rules that deal with the meaning of words and sentences. For example, if I say, “Yes, I looked at that book.” you would know that this is something that I did in the past.
24) Syntax: This part of grammar focuses on the formation of sentances and the order that the words should go in. For example, if I said, “A shoe pretty pink is that.” you would probably look at me like I am crazy, but if I follow the syntax rules for the English language I would say, “That is a pretty pink shoe.” which makes much more sense.
25) Babbling Stage: This is entered when a child is about 4 months old; it involves the child making sounds that are easy to form with their mouth. The language spoke in the home that the baby lives in cannot be determined in the babbling stage until about 10 months old, then it slowly changes so that it can be determined the language spoken in the house. An example is when in the back room of church all the babies start at the ceiling and make little sounds.
26) One-word Stage: This begins around one year old, but is not the same for each child; this stage is when a child starts to speak real word, though only one word at a time (hence the name one-word stage). One word though, usually represents a whole sentence to the child though, not just one word. Once they reach about 18 months they start to learn new words more quickly than before. For example, a child may say juice, their parent knows from that one word that the child is thirsty and wants a drink.
27) Two-word Stage: This stage starts before the child reaches two years old; and the child starts to form short sentences that consist of two words. They do follow the syntax rules of their language though the sentences are short and simple. A few examples of sentences in this stage may be “Go bye-bye.” “Bad dog.” or “My blankie.”
28) Telegraphic Speech: This form of speech is part of the two-word stage and it is a way to describe the way the child speaks. They form sentences that sound like something that would be sent in a telegraph. For example, “MESSAGE RECEIVED.” would be something sent in a telegram and it has the same choppiness that a two year old would have when saying “No bath!”
29) Linguistic Determinism: This was the hypothesis of Benjamin Lee Whorf that the language that a person speaks determines the way they think. Even people who are bilingual may have different mind sets depending on what language they are using at the moment. An example of this is because I speak English I think differently then someone who speaks Italian, they may be more family and food oriented while I am more self-centered and selfish.
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